Traumatismo penetrante cardiaco: caracterización, resultados inmediatos y variables asociadas a morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes operados / Penetrating cardiac trauma: findings, outcomes and prognostic factors in operated patients

INTRODUCCIÓN: El traumatismo penetrante cardiaco (TPC) por sus características y en particular por su alta mortalidad, constituye un desafío quirúrgico permanente. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características, resultados inmediatos y factores pronósticos en TPC. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal, revisión de protocolos prospectivos de traumatismo torácico, registros de pabellón y fichas clínicas. Período enero de 1990-diciembre de 2017. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con TPC operados. Se describen y analizan diversas variables. Se realizó regresión logística con análisis univariado y multivariado para identificar variables asociadas a morbilidad, deterioro neurológico y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: 220 pacientes operados por TPC, 209 (95,0%) hombres, edad promedio 30,4 ± 13,3, mediana 27 años. Mecanismo: agresión en 202 (91,8%). El agente traumático fue en 186 (84,5%) arma blanca, en 21 (9,5%) arma de fuego. Presentaban taponamiento 169 (76,8%) pacientes, ingresaron en shock 103 (46,8%) y en paro cardiorrespiratorio 20 (9,1%). Vía de abordaje fue esternotomía en 157 (71,4%), toracotomía izquierda en 58 (26,4%). Las cavidades cardiacas lesionadas más frecuentes fueron ventrículo derecho en 110 (50,0%), ventrículo izquierdo en 72 (32,7%). Se hospitalizaron en UCI en el postoperatorio 135 (61,4%), se transfundieron 74 (33,6%), presentaron complicaciones 60 (27,3%) y se reoperaron 21 (9,5%). Mortalidad 28 (12,7%). La estadía postoperatoria tuvo una mediana de 6 días (rango 1-150). Se identificaron factores pronósticos. DISCUSIÓN: Los TPC operados son más frecuentes en hombres agredidos con arma blanca, la cavidad lesionada más frecuente es el ventrículo derecho. Nuestra morbimortalidad es comparable con series internacionales.

INTRODUCTION: Penetrating cardiac trauma (PCT) constitute a permanent surgical challenge due to it characteristics and high mortality. AIM: To describe the findings, outcomes and prognostic factors in PCT. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study, review of prospective thoracic trauma protocols and surgical registries. Period January 1990-December 2017. All patients with PCT were included. Various variables are described and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with morbidity, neurologic dysfunction and mortality. RESULTS: 220 patients PCT, 209 (95.0%) men, mean age 30.4 ± 13.3, median 27 years. Mechanism: Aggression in 202 (91.8%). The traumatic agent was cold steel in 186 (84.4%) and fire arm in 21 (9.5%). 169 (76.8%) patients presented with tamponade, 103 (46.8%) shock and 20 (9.1%) cardiopulmonary arrest. Approach was sternotomy in 157 (71.4%), left thoracotomy in 58 (26.4%). The most common injured areas were right ventricle in 110 (50.0%), left ventricle in 72 (32.7%). 135 (61.4%) patients needed postoperative ICU and 74 (33.6%) were transfused. Complications occurred in 60 (27.3%). Twenty-one (9.5%) were reoperated. Mortality 28 (12.7%). The postoperative median stay was 6 days (Range 1-150). Prognostic factors were identified. DISCUSSION: Operated PCT are more frequent in men with stab wound, the most common injured area is the right ventricle. The morbidity and mortality is comparable with international series.

Mortalidade e fatores associados em uma UTI de cirurgia torácica / Mortality and associated factors in a thoracic surgery ICU

OBJETIVO: Determinar a mortalidade e identificar fatores de riscos associados em pacientes em uma UTI de cirurgia torácica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 141 pacientes admitidos na UTI de cirurgia torácica do Hospital Estadual de Denizli, localizado na cidade de Denizli, Turquia, entre janeiro de 2006 e agosto de 2008. Foram coletados dados sobre gênero, idade, causa de admissão, intervenções invasivas e operações, status de ventilação mecânica invasiva, infecções e tempo de permanência na UTI. RESULTADOS: Dos 141 pacientes, 103 (73,0 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 38 (23,0 por cento) do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 52,1 anos (variação: 12-92 anos), e a taxa de mortalidade foi de 16,3 por cento. A causa de admissão mais frequente foi trauma. A mortalidade correlacionou-se com idade avançada (p < 0,05), uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva (OR = 42,375; p < 0,05), longa permanência na UTI (p < 0,05) e causas de admissão específicas - trauma, injúria por arma de fogo, injúria por arma branca e malignidade (p < 0,05 para todos). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes em uma UTI de cirurgia torácica têm alta morbidade e mortalidade. Um conhecimento maior dos fatores de risco de mortalidade pode melhorar a eficiência do tratamento, resultando em diminuição da morbidade e mortalidade, o que gerará economia de tempo e reduzirá os custos financeiros.

OBJECTIVE: To assess mortality and identify mortality risk factors in patients admitted to a thoracic surgery ICU. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 141 patients admitted to the thoracic surgery ICU of the Denizli State Hospital, located in the city of Denizli, Turkey, between January of 2006 and August of 2008. We collected data regarding gender, age, reason for admission, invasive interventions and operations, invasive mechanical ventilation, infections, and length of ICU stay. RESULTS: Of the 141 patients, 103 (73.0 percent) were male, and 38 (23.0 percent) were female. The mean age was 52.1 years (range, 12-92 years), and the mortality rate was 16.3 percent. The most common reason for admission was trauma. Mortality was found to correlate with advanced age (p < 0.05), requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 42.375; p < 0.05), prolonged ICU stay (p < 0.05), and specific reasons for admission-trauma, gunshot wound, stab wound, and malignancy (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients in a thoracic surgery ICU, the rates of morbidity and mortality are high. Increased awareness of mortality risk factors can improve the effectiveness of treatment, which should reduce the rates of morbidity and mortality, thereby providing time savings and minimizing costs.

Cirugía torácica no cardíaca en pacientes mayores de 60 años: estudio de 7 años / Non-cardiac thoracic surgery in patients older than 60 years: study of 7 years

INTRODUCCIÓN. Es objetivo de esta presentación evaluar los resultados inmediatos de la cirugía torácica no cardíaca en pacientes mayores de 60 años, en un período de 7 años (1996 a 2002). MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en los Hospitales Universitarios Clinicoquirúrgicos Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez y General Calixto García Iñiguez. Se estudiaron todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por enfermedades torácicas no cardíacas, tomando en cuenta la conducta preoperatoria, transoperatoria y posoperatoria, así como la evolución del paciente, es decir, la ocurrencia de complicaciones y el estado del paciente al egreso. RESULTADOS. Se encontró un predominio de pacientes del sexo masculino. En el 23,80 por ciento de nuestros pacientes no hubo antecedentes patológicos personales positivos, ni de enfermedad ni de factores de riesgo. Los diagnósticos que motivaron más frecuentemente la intervención fueron el cáncer de pulmón y el de esófago. La modalidad de uso de antibiótico más frecuente fue la combinada. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 14,29 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad fue de un 9,52 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES. El cáncer de esófago conllevó peores resultados en cuanto a complicaciones y al acto quirúrgico; la mayoría de las veces se operó con criterio paliativo o de irresecabilidad. La sepsis es una causa importante de complicación y de muerte en todos los casos(AU)

INTRODUCTION: aim of this paper is to assess immediate results of non-cardiac thoracic surgery performed in patients older than 60 years during 7 years (1996 to 2002). METHODS: Authors performed a retrospective study in Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez and Calixto García Iñiguez Clinical Surgical University Hospital. All patients operated on by non-cardiac thoracic diseases were studied, considering preoperative, transoperative and postoperative behavior as well as patient course, i.e., occurrence of complications, and patient status at discharge. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male patients. In 23, 80 percent of our patients there was neither positive personal pathological backgrounds nor disease nor risk factors. Diagnoses caused more frequently surgery were lung and esophagus cancer. The more frequent modality of antibiotics use was the combined one. There were complications in 14, 29 percent of cases, and mortality was of 9, 52 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagus cancer had worse results regards complications and surgical procedure; most of time we operate on with a palliative or resectable criteria. Sepsis is a significant cause of complication and death in all the cases(AU)